Computer Fundamental Part-1

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

Generation of Computer History:

• First (1st) Generation -----> Vacuum Tube  ----> 1045-1955
• Second (2nd) Generation -----------> Transistor -----> 1956- 1963
• Third (3rd) Generation --------> Integrated Circuits -----> 1064-1971
• Fourth (4th) Generation -------> Microprocessor --------> 1072-onward
• Fifth (5th) Generation --------> Artificial Intelligence

Measurement Abbreviation Table:

• 1 Bit = Binary digits (1 or 0)
• 1 Nibble = 4 Bits
• 8 Bits = 1 Byte
• 1024 Byte = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)
• 1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
• 1024 MB = 1 Giga Byte (GB)
• 1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
• 1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
• 1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte (EB)
• 1024 EB = 1 Zatta Byte (ZB)
• 1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte (YB)
• 1024 YB = 1 Bronto Byte
• 1024 Bronto Byte  = 1 Geop Byte

In Binary Conversion:

• 1 Byte (B) = 8 Bits (b)
• 1 KB = 2^10 Bytes = 1024 Bytes
• 1 MB = 2^20 Bytes = 1,048,576 Bytes
• 1 GB = 2^30 Bytes = 1,073,741,824 Bytes
• 1 TB = 2^40 Bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 Bytes

In Decimal Conversion:

• 1 Byte (B) = 8 Bits (b)
• 1 (K/KB) = 10^3 = 1,000 Bytes
• 1 (M/MB) = 10^6 = 1,000,000 Bytes
• 1 (GB) = 10^9 = 1,000,000,000 Bytes
• 1 (TB) = 10^12 = 1,000,000,000,000 Bytes

Language Processor (3) Types:

1. Compiler
2. Assembler
3. Interpreter

Computer classify on the basis of size:

1. Microcomputer ---->  IBM PCs, Apple Mac, IBM PS/2 and all Pentium Model’s
2. Mini Computer ----> Languages, Multimedia, 3D/ Graphics & Games, PDP-11 VAX etc.
3. Mainframe Computer ---> IBM S/390, IBM S/709, ICL 39, CDC 6600 etc.
4. Supercomputer -----> C-DAC, ANURAG, CRAY XMP/14, CDC-205 etc.

Computer classify on the basis of Types (Data):

1. Analog Computer --->  Planimeter, Nomogram etc.
2. Digital Computer ---> IBM PC, Apple Macintosh and modern smartphones.
3. Hybrid Computer ---> Hycomp 250 etc.

Floppy Disk:

• 8 inch (200 mm) ---> 1971
• 5 ¼ (133 mm) ---> 1976
• 3 ½ (90 mm) ----> 1981 (18 sector /track) also called micro floppy (1.44 MB maximum capacity).